Solar Container: Multifunction Solar Panel Technology

Panasonic developed a multifunctional solar panel technology as a provider of electrical energy for people in rural areas. 

The company introduced its new solar panel technology called containers solar panels, solar module and 48 completed the battery, Panasonic Gobel Indonesia office in Jakarta on Wednesday.

Time synchronization PLC, PC with NTP protocol

 His name is also a standard protocol, must have felt was more than ordinary aja eg
It is possible to synchronize with international servers are scattered in cyberspace. So who got more accurate time. From the client side either a PC or PLC is very simple configurations. Servers can be made redundant, so if one server is automatically ko'it NTP client will move to a backup server.
Wow interesting also yes, then how to do?
Okay, let's start with the hardware first. First of all ignore the first connection to the internet, let alone the PC and the PLC's time we will only be synchronized with the local computer in one network only. Since there is no connection to the internet, then inevitably we have to build their own server time (which we call the next NTP Server) at least one in a network. Next we need a client PC and a PLC that will we sinkrosisasi time to NTP server. About his physical description as below:. 

Create PLC Network With RJ45 UTP

In making the PLC network with TCP / IP you should understand and know how to make a wired connection at UTP RJ45 socket. Please read the article below for more details.
Wiring at the network computer or PLC is not so simple but it is not as complicated as we bayangakan, but I myself often have trouble remembering the color sequence RJ45 UTP cable. Perhaps, my notes are quite helpful to the reader to remember the tools available, ranging from cable, connector, crimp tool, and tester.
To make a network cable RJ45 UTP include: 

Modbus Slave, Siemens S7

Modbus on Siemens PLC? what is necessary?
Certainly not if keperluannya only for communication between Siemens PLC or HMI or other devices that support the standard protocol which is more reliable kinds of Siemens Profibus or profinet. The problem out there a lot of devices which provide the protocol but do not support Modbus protocols above. OpenModbus protocol selected that belongs more to the CP Toekang (CP-343/443), while for Modbus RTU menelorkan article Toekang need CP341/441, well that is ngak exist in the lab. And unfortunately this protocol can not be simulated by utilizing WinLC + Ethernet General, so that must have a dedicated Ethernet S7 PLC + CP.

PLC Programming Structure

A little story about the structure of PLC programming which I think is very good reply. Any person or PLC programmer must have a way to program the PLC which according to him the most good and bad. In the sense of the word easy in the process of editing, structured, good views, and as much as possible to reduce error rates. What will I tell you a little time is actually my experience in working on some project automation system. Most of the projects that I also do more to "process plant" and uses a lot of input and output both analog and digital (> 500 IO).
Usually in programming the PLC of a plant automation, I divided into 4 levels:

Lithium Secondary Cell

Characteristics

Lithium is the lightest of metals and it floats on water. It also has the greatest electrochemical potential which makes it one of the most reactive of metals. These properties give Lithium the potential to achieve very high energy and power densities in high power battery applications such as automotive and standby power.

 Many variations of the basic Lithium chemistry have been developed to optimise the cells for specific applications or perhaps in some cases to get around the patents on the original technology. Lithium metal reacts violently with water and can ignite into flame. Early commercial cells with metallic lithium cathodes were considered unsafe in certain circumstances, however modern cells don't use free Lithium but instead the Lithium is combined with other elements into more benign compounds which do not react with water.
The typical Lithium-ion cells use Carbon for its anode and Lithium Cobalt dioxide or a Lithium Manganese compound as the cathode. The electrolyte is usually based on a Lithium salt in an organic solvent.

Lithium Cells

Characteristics

Lithium is the lightest of metals and it floats on water. It also has the greatest electrochemical potential which makes it one of the most reactive of metals. These properties give Lithium the potential to achieve very high energy and power densities permitting batteries with very long useful life and small cell packages.

Because Lithium reacts violently with water, as well as nitrogen in air, this requires sealed cells. High-rate Llithium cells build up temperature and pressure if they are short circuited or abused. Thus, the cell design needs to include safety vents, which release the pressure or rupture to prevent uncontrolled explosion.

Solar Energy, Electricity Alternatives When Disaster Happens

Earthquakes and tsunamis in Japan, resulting in power supply in some areas susceptible to interference, but there is no electricity does not mean everything has to stop. 

Nickel Cadmium Dry Batteries (Ni-CD)

Characteristics

1.2 Volt secondary cells using an alkaline chemistry with energy density about double that of lead acid batteries.

SuperCapacitors

Characteristics

Capacitors store energy in an electrostatic field rather than as a chemical state as in batteries.
No chemical actions involved which means very long cycle life is possible.
No limit on the cell voltage imposed by the "cell chemistry" as with galvanic cells.
The terminal voltage directly proportional to the State of Charge (SOC) which limits range of applicability somewhat.
Low power capacitors
Capacitors are probably the most common form of non-chemical energy storage and are widely used in low power applications.
Typical specification: 20 µF to 2 Farads 5.5 to 6.3 Volts
Supercapacitors, Ultracapacitors or EDLC (Electric Double Layer Capacitors) as they are also called, look very much like batteries. They have double layer construction consisting of two carbon electrodes immersed in an organic electrolyte. See below

Dry Cell

The most common type of battery used today is the "dry cell" battery. There are many different types of batteries ranging from the relatively large "flashlight" batteries to the minaturized versions used for wristwatches or calculators. Although they vary widely in composition and form, they all work on the sample principle. A "dry-cell" battery is essentially comprised of a metal electrode or graphite rod (elemental carbon) surrounded by a moist electrolyte paste enclosed in a metal cylinder as shown below.

Electric Motor Repair

Everyone from utility companies to their employees to consumers benefit when ASTM International standards from Committee F18 on Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers are used. 

When you wake up in the morning, what is one of the first things you do? Turn on the lights? Or when you come home from work, do you turn on the television, listen to your phone messages, or throw something in the microwave for dinner?

Electric Motor Brakes Work?

1. 

    Concept

   • An electric motor brake is basically an ordinary electric motor run backward. Instead of supplying the motor with electricity to make the shaft turn, some outside force (usually from the wheels of a train or car) is applied to the shaft to make it turn, which results in the generation of electricity.

Troubleshoot and Repair Electric Heater

Symptom: Heater Does Not Work - No Heat
Possible Cause(s):

• Loose or disconnected wiring connected to unit;
• Circuit breaker tripped;
• Fuse is blown;
• Incorrect thermostat setting;
• Obstructed airflow from unit;
• Heating element in heater is defective;

A Nuclear Power Plant Work

Today nuclear power plants have become major source of electricity for us. Externally the nuclear power plant looks like a dome, but it is interesting to know how a nuclear power plant works, what are the types of materials and equipment used, and so on. So just read this article to gain invaluable insight into the interesting world of the industry where power is extracted from the atomic level of matter.

Introduction

Whenever the term nuclear power plant is mentioned, it usually brings images of the Chernobyl disaster into mind, or related images of the nuclear technology triggered device which destroyed 2 cities of Japan during the Second World War. I agree that these incidents were very unfortunate and should have never happened in the first place, but believe me when I say that nuclear power is quite safe. Though nuclear energy has devastating capabilities such incidents or accidents mainly happen due to human errors of carelessness or prejudice. Otherwise nuclear technology is as safe as any other technology used to generate electricity and possibly much more effective in several situations. You will appreciate this viewpoint better once you know how does a nuclear power plant work?

Y-delta starters

Arrangement in the motor line

In a standard circuit configuration, the star-delta starter with overload relay, including a thermally delayed overcurrent relay are situated in the cables leading to the motor terminals U1, V1, W1 or V2, W2, U2. The overload relay can also be operated in a star circuit as it is usually connected in series with the motor winding and the relay current flowing through it = rated motor current × 0.58.

Electrostatic Precipitator

Introduction

Currently, throughout the country, many places and people are pushing for a “greener” way of life.  This doesn’t mean that they want us to turn into Kermit the Frog.  It means that they want us to take a look at the way in which we do things.  They want us to look at more fuel efficient vehicles, what things are made of, and how much pollution is entering our environment.  There are many other factors to the whole “greener” phenomenon, but these seem to be the leading problems. 

Air pollution standards change.  With that said, it is important for major refineries to update their pollution equipment according to the new standards.  This costs millions of dollars, but they have no choice.  Electrostatic precipitators are designed to deal mostly with coal fired refineries.  In this country, we have more coal then we know what to do with, however, it does not burn cleanly.  Lately though, coal has been making a comeback in big industries. Electrostatic precipitators separate the clean from the unclean, and in the end what you have is a refinery that is releasing air that is almost 99% cleaner.  Figure 1 shows an overhead view of how an electrostatic precipitator works.

Electrical Faults due to EMI

Introduction to EMI
Current is defined as the flow of electrons. It is produced as result of electrons traveling along a wire or trace. Electrons possess a negative charge. We can say that a negative field is associated with a wire or PCB trace when a current flows through it. The greater the number of electrons, the greater the amount of current caushing a field of high intensity.

Electronic Cigarette

Laws that ban smoking in different establishments like bars, restaurants, casinos and other public places have become a common thing in most countries nowadays. There have become some talks on banning smoking in cars and inside homes. Many people would like to permanently ban smoking in their countries.

Basic Electrical Tools

Electrical work requires many different tools. Here is a list of important and commonly used basic electrical tools. 

Electrical work maintenance jobs may need use of electrical tools, apart for some of the other essential tool kit. Most of the home electrical wiring jobs are quite easy to handle and work with using some of the basic electrical tools.
Using these basic electrical tools is not that difficult. Most of these tools can be used / operated just by reading the user manual.

Batteryless Temperature Sensor

This batteryless temperature sensor is an UHF RFID sensor transponder with an integrated proprietary temperature sensor (prototype) that has been designed for healthcare applications such as remote patient monitoring systems. The sensor has a very low power consumption and the communication is proprietary too as it is fully integrated in the ASIC.

The tag is completed with an appropriate antenna. For this simple prototype, a dipole antenna has been printed on a PCB. The antenna PCB dimensions are 128x20 mm and it is directly matched to the IC impedance.

Piston Wireless Measurement

Piston wireless measurement by IR Telemetrics enables the wireless transfer of data from internal reciprocating and rotating components. The pistons have wireless telemetry to send real time steady state and transient data from within engines or automotive transmissions. The wireless data transfer devices meet the stringent demands of harsh operating environments. Wireless piston measurement techniques are developed in-house by IR Telemetrics to fulfill the industry’s need for lightweight, durable, and versatile wireless data measurement devices. IRT’s wireless measurement technology is patented in the U.S. and around the globe. Pistons and other moving parts are connected to microwave telemetry systems that provide your development engineers with operating parameter measurement and data collection that was previously unavailable for a wide variety of industry applications.

wireless Measurement

 Wireless communication offers many benefits for measurement applications, including lower wiring costs and remote monitoring capabilities. However, choosing a technology and method of implementation can be difficult without knowing the strength and weaknesses of each wireless standard.

Benefits of Wireless

Tips for Home Electrical Safety

Here are some checks you can make in your home today to ensure electrical safety! This information is provided courtesy the Electrical Safety Foundation International, or ESFi, a non-profit organization whose goal is to prevent deadly and unnecessary electrical accidents and injury.

• Outlets

Check for outlets that have loose-fitting plugs, which can overheat and lead to fire. Replace any missing or broken wall plates. Make sure there are safety covers on all unused outlets that are accessible to children.

• Cords

Sensor Callibration

When using temperature sensors, you are actually measuring a voltage, and relating that to what the operating temperature of the sensor must be. If you can avoid errors in the voltage measurements, and represent the relationship between voltage and temperature more accurately, you can get better temperature readings. How much effort is worthwhile depends on the application's error tolerances.

Servo Motor

Servo motors are used in closed loop control systems in which work is the control variable, Figure bellow. The digital servo motor controller directs operation of the servo motor by sending velocity command signals to the amplifier, which drives the servo motor. An integral feedback device (resolver) or devices (encoder and tachometer) are either incorporated within the servo motor or are remotely mounted, often on the load itself.

Losses DC Motor

The losses occurring in a d.c. motor are the same as in a d.c. generator  (i) copper losses (ii) Iron losses or magnetic losses (iii) mechanical losses As in a generator, these losses cause (a) an increase of machine temperature and (b) reduction in the efficiency of the d.c. motor.
 

The following points may be noted: 

 (i) Apart from armature Cu loss, field Cu loss and brush contact loss, Cu losses also occur in interpoles (commutating poles) and compensating windings. Since these windings carry armature current (I_a),

Loss in interpole winding = I_a ²× Resistance of interpole winding
Loss in compensating winding = I_a ²× Resistance of compensating winding