Laser Ready to Replace Spark plug Role

The desire of automotive experts using lasers as a replacement spark plug to trigger combustion in gasoline engines (could also fuel gas) getting closer to reality. In fact, in early May of next week, a team at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics will report that they have succeeded in designing a laser that can be used for gasoline engines. 

Electrical Energy and Electrical Potential

In order to bring two like charges near each other work must be done.   In order to separate two opposite charges, work must be done.  Remember that whenever work gets done, energy changes form. 
As something does work on the positive charge, he increases the energy of that charge.  The closer he brings it, the more electrical potential energy it has.   When he releases the charge, work gets done on the charge which changes its energy from electrical potential energy to kinetic energy.  Every time he brings the charge back, he does work on the charge.  If he brought the charge closer to the other object, it would have more electrical potential energy.  If he brought 2 or 3 charges instead of one, then he would have had to do more work so he would have created more electrical potential energy.  Electrical potential energy could be measured in Joules just like any other form of energy.
Since the electrical potential energy can change depending on the amount of charge you are moving, it is helpful to describe the electrical potential energy per unit of charge.  This is known as electrical potential (NOTE: this sounds very similar to electrical potential energy, but it is not!)  

 

Surge Protector

A device that shields computer and other electronic devices from surges in electrical power, or transient voltage, that flow from the power supply. Standard American voltage for home and office buildings is 120 volts. Anything over this amount is considered transient and can damage electronic devices that are plugged into an outlet. Even though power surges are so brief that they are measured in nanoseconds, they can cause considerable damage to electronic equipment.

Surge Suppressor

A surge suppressor (sometimes optimistically called a "surge protector") is a device inserted in the alternating current ( AC ) utility line and/or telephone line to prevent damage to electronic equipment from voltage "spikes" called transients. A more accurate term for this type of device is "transient suppressor." A typical surge suppressor is a small box with several utility outlets, a power switch, and a 3-wire cord for plugging into a wall outlet.

Wii 2

Was widely rumored Nintendo Wii game console will feature 2, which is the successor of the first Wii. Some speculation arose about the price of these gaming devices. 

Hidden Wireless Cameras Work

1. 

   Components of a Wireless Security Camera

   • A wireless security camera relies on communication between video transmitters and receivers. Most new digital-video cameras come with a built-in wireless feature that allows the cameras to connect to a computer or the device being used to receive the signal. The receiver must also maintain a wireless connection to a monitor or time-lapse recorder in order for the wireless security camera to capture the feed going into the receiver.

Light Bulbs Work

Reducing the amount of energy that you use up and your carbon footprint is becoming increasingly important. One of the easiest ways to improve energy efficiency in the home is to install low energy light bulbs, rather than traditional ones. But what are low energy light bulbs and how do they work? Why do they use less energy?

Energy - Saving Lamp

Now here's a bright idea—a lamp that saves you money and helps the environment! It lasts 10 times longer than a standard electric lamp and uses 80 percent less energy. If you care about tackling global warming, lamps like this are a great place to start. During its lifetime, a typical energy-saving lamp will stop about one ton of carbon dioxide from entering the atmosphere and pay for itself many times over. So it's good for your pocket and kind to the Earth as well. But how exactly does it work?

Nine Power Problems Handled By Uninterruptible Power Supplies

#	Problem Category	Causes and Other Information	S	L	O
1	Power Failure - A Total Loss Of Utility Power	Caused by lightning strikes, downed power lines, grid over demands, natural disasters, accidents.	Y	Y	Y
2	Power Sags - Short Term Low Voltage	Triggered by the startup of large loads, utility switching, utility equipment failure, or power service that's too small for the demand. Power sags involve voltages 80 to 85 percent below normal for short periods of time (one or more cycles). Possible causes are heavy equipment being turned on, large electrical motors being started, and the switching of power mains (internal or utility). A power sag can have effects similar to those of a power surge.	Y	Y	Y
3	Power Surge - (Spike) Short Term High Voltage Above 110% of Nominal	Can be caused by a lightning strike and can send line voltages to levels in excess of 6000 volts. Can be triggered by a rapid reduction in power loads, heavy equipment being turned off, or by utility switching. The results can potentially damage hardware. High voltage spikes occur when there is a sudden, rapid voltage peak of up to 6,000 volts with a duration of 100mS to 1/2 cycle. These spikes are usually the result of nearby lightning strikes, but there can be other causes as well.	Y	Y	Y
4	Under-voltage - (Brownout) Reduced Line Voltage for Extended Periods of a Few Minutes to a Few Days	Can be caused by intentional utility voltage reduction to conserve power during peak demand periods, or other heavy loads that exceed supply capacity. A reduction in the mains voltage without a complete loss of power. A brownout is a steady lower voltage state. An example of a brownout happens during peak electrical demands in the summer, when utilities can't always meet the requirements and must lower the voltage to limit maximum power.	N	Y	Y
5	Over-voltage - Increased Line Voltage for Extended Periods of a Few Minutes to a Few Days	Over-voltage can be triggered by a rapid reduction in power loads, heavy equipment being turned off, or by utility switching. A power surge that takes place when the voltage is 110% above rated RMS voltage for one or more cycles. The most common cause is heavy electrical equipment being turned off.	N	Y	Y
6	Electrical Line Noise - High Frequency Waveform Caused by RFI or EMI Interference	Can be caused by either RFI or EMI interference generated by transmitters, welding devices, SCR driven printers, lightning etc. Random, sporadic, or multi-frequency electrical signals that become part of a transmission making the signal or information more difficult to identify. Electrical Line Noise is defined as Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) and causes undesirable effects in circuits of computer systems. Sources of the problem include electric motors, relays, motor control devices, broadcast transmissions, microwave radiation, and distant electrical storms.	N	N	Y
7	Frequency Variation - A Change in Frequency Stability	Resulting from generator or small co-generation sites being loaded and unloaded. A frequency variation involves a change in frequency of more than 3Hz from the normally stable utility frequency of 60Hz. This may be caused by erratic operation of emergency generators or unstable frequency power sources.	N	N	Y
8	Switching Transient - Instantaneous Under-voltage (Notch) in the Range of Nanoseconds	Normal duration is shorter than a spike and generally falls in the range of nanoseconds. Switching transients take place when there is a rapid voltage peak of up to 20,000 volts with a duration time of 10 to 100 microseconds. They are commonly caused by arcing faults and static discharge. In addition, major power system switching disturbances initiated by the utilities to correct line problems may happen several times a day.	N	N	Y
9	Harmonic Distortion - Distortion of the Normal Waveform generally Transmitted by Nonlinear Loads	Distortion of the normal line waveform, generally transmitted by non-linear loads. Switch-mode power supplies, variable-speed motors and drives, copiers and fax machines are examples of non-linear loads. The presence of harmonics that change the AC voltage waveform from a simple sinusoidal to complex waveform. Harmonic distortion can be generated by a load and fed back into the AC mains, causing power problems to other equipment on the circuit.

Main Interruptible Power Supply Technologies

Each of the various UPS types deal with multiple power problems. Here's a short summary of the design features and the power problems they handle. In the table, the last three columns indicate which UPS types can have an effect on the particular issue.

Stand-by or Off-line UPS technology (S):

3D Television in the eyes Now More Convenient

Dizziness three-dimensional movies? Do not worry. With the development of today's technology, designed three-dimensional television screen presents the content of the more comfortable view of the eye. 

Alignment Shaft

In the last issue, we discuss about shaft seals and how liquid is prevented from coming out from the pump housing even though the shaft is rotating.

Canon EOS 600D 18 Megapixel

Canon's latest DSLR camera back to bring in entry-level class, Canon EOS 600D, where his presence will add to the ranks of previous classes, such as 550D, 500D and 450D (7 / 2). 

Different Between Tubing and Pipe

IPS stands for iron pipe size – a standard that was originally developed for fluid transfer but has also become the standard for designating handrail sections in all alloys.
There is often confusion as to which size product the customer actually needs – Pipe Size or OD Tubing Size.
Keep in mind that pipe size refers to a nominal – not actual – inside pipe diameter. Schedule refers to the pipe’s wall thickness. The dimensions provided for OD tubing on the other hand refer to the actual outside diameter and wall thickness.
For example: 1-1/2" pipe size flanges have an opening to fit over 1.90" OD – the actual outside diameter of 1-1/2" pipe – while 1.50" OD tubing has a true 1.50" outside diameter and the flange is sized accordingly.
Refer to the chart below regarding actual dimensions for nominal pipe size.

Conduit Bending

Houses in America are wired in many different ways. Some are wired in NM (Non-metallic sheath), some in BX and still others are installed in conduit. Conduit provides many distinct advantages over NM (Romex) and BX (Metal Sheathed) wiring. Conduit protects the wire from damage, is bonded to ground throughout the circuit, and leaves you with the ability to come back later and add circuits

 bender

Difference Between Surround and Stereo

I got my first surround sound system before Home Theater and surround sound were a common commodity. In fact I was looking for a new TV at the time and I liked of the Sony models and it had surround sound ability with the speakers and the whole deal as one package. I wanted to get the high quality screen but once I heard the sound, it was a done deal.

 Stereo sound

surround sound

Surround Sound

Surround sound systems separate an audio signal into multiple speakers. There are usually four to seven speakers that play different ranges of music for a deeper field of sound.

LED Advantage

Man has invented many good things for the world, and one of them is LED technology. From homes to offices to industrial plants, LED lights have provided an enormous advantage over their incandescent or halogen counterparts. In fact, there are many advantages that these lights have to offer. Those who have seen how the technology works can attest to its benefits, and those who are curious are almost always tempted to try it themselves. Indeed, one can expect a lot from this type of lighting than what might be popularly known about it. And the only way to prove all of these is to give LED lights a try.

Integrated Electric Motor-Driven Pump

• TECHNICAL FIELD

• This invention relates to a vehicle transmission which is capable of receiving input torque from both an electric motor and an internal combustion engine and which uses an electric oil pump to produce pressure to the transmission.

Delta-Sigma ADC Design

The strength of the delta-sigma (ΔΣ) architecture also happens to be one of its biggest limitations. ΔΣ analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) contain a large amount of digital circuitry¾in many cases more than 50% of the die area. The die can benefit from scaling a submicron CMOS technology, but only if the necessary analog structures remain available.

Resolver Alignment in Electric Motor System

Methods and systems are provided for aligning a resolver in an electric motor system. The method includes commanding a d-axis current command and a speed command, operating an electric motor without a load in response to the d-axis current command and the speed command, determining a rotor speed in response to the speed command, and determining an offset of the resolver based on the speed command and the rotor speed when the rotor speed has substantially stabilized.

Newer Simatic Manager

The output of the new S7 will eventually replace the current S7 (200/300/400) with a new series 1200/1300/1500 (new in release).

Here's an overview of the software (Step7 Basic):

 Totally Integrated Automation (TIA) Portal

 PLC Programming and visualization (similar to WinCC Flexible)