Scientificamerican launched on Friday (10/10/2014), the blue LED is important for two reasons. First, blue light has its own field of application and the second, the blue LED is an important component of white light that gave birth to white LEDs. The white LED is used on the computer screen and telephone.
How it works involves two parts of the LED semiconductor material that are fused together. Semiconductors are materials that do not conduct electricity well, but has the flexibility.
The nature of the flexibility possessed semiconductor technology is beneficial to the perpetrator. For example, semiconductor silicon type when combined with different elements then it will change the nature of the conduct electricity.
There are two types of semiconductors, n-type and p-type. To create n-type, elements that should be added is a lot of electrons. This causes the electron excess semiconductor conduct electricity better.
P-type semiconductor properties have reversed. How to make is to add a chemical element that has a deficit of electrons than the semiconductor in the vicinity. However, what's interesting is when the n-type and p-type pinned together.
When electrical power is applied to the semiconductor and n-type gives electrons to the p-type, then a flash of light appears small.
The color of the light is determined type of semiconductor. Silicon, not so good at producing light. Derived from silicon LEDs will produce infrared light, so the invisible human eye. However, infrared LEDs used in TV remote.
Although the red and green LEDs have been around since the beginning of 1960, not so with the blue LED. It first appeared on the market in 1989 and is made of silicon carbide. However, these materials such as silicon, known as being efficient.
The winners of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics has found a way to create a blue LED with gallium nitride. It's just more difficult to produce the bright light of the material.
Difficult because it is very difficult to create high-quality gallium nitride crystals. Usually, the easiest way is to create a similar crystal structure. However, the arrangement of atoms of gallium nitride complex makes it challenging.
So, to make blue LEDs needed much more complex layers of material, deviate from the rigid rules that are needed when making p-type and n-type. In theory the blue LEDs can be engineered into a green, yellow or orange with a way to make the width of the quantum layer is different.
Thanks to the role of the 2014 Physics Nobel laureate blue LEDs are now available. Examples of its application are Blu-ray players. Blue light has a short wavelength, thus allowing the storage gap Blu-ray discs are smaller and closer than the DVD, which was made by a red LED.
However, the biggest role is the ability to bring the blue LEDs and white LEDs. White light is actually a combination of the colors of the rainbow. However, the human eye is only capable of capturing three colors: red, green and blue.
Thus, white light can be generated by using only the three colors. Combining green with blue LEDs to create white light efficiently, providing approximately 20 times more light than a standard incandescent bulb.
The white LED has an important role in the creation of back-light for computer screens and smartphones that allows smartphones to grow rapidly as it is now. The development of blue LEDs require hundreds of hours of trial and error in the laboratory by means of a similar procedure under different conditions. As a result, the technology is now available everywhere and are useful for communities around the world.
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